Christmas pit bulls

Apparently I wasn't the only one who got the idea to dress their pit bull up in a Christmas sweater.

How Secret Societies use Astrotheology for Mass Mind Control

For as long as people have been organized under a centralized government, the personal lives of populations have been molded by the dictates of national and religious elites whose authority is replicated in miniaturized form within family structures. Despite this predictable pattern, large segments of the alternative media have identified the coordinated destruction of nations, religions and the family as the final game plan of the global "power elite", while ignoring how these same institutions have enabled social inequality far eclipsing all but the furthest extremes of political injustice found in the modern era. The cultural upheaval of the 60s, a favorite target of right-leaning conspiracy theorists, has been recognized for its emphasis on values such as social equality, civil rights and ecological sustainability, all of which are vital elements in any democratic society. However, there is a shadow side to its origins that has not been explored except by social conservatives whose underlying political agendas often fall in line with the neo-colonial plotting of corporate-military globalists.

Contrary to the story told by major media outlets, a significant component of modern cultural change was set into place by social scientists who received grants to engineer human consciousness through media experiments, as well as other forms of behavioral conditioning. In Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, the Romanian historian Ioan Coulianu traces the origins of modern state propaganda models to techniques utilized by Renaissance occultists, who saw desire as the universal common denominator capable of subliminally inducing mass hypnosis via the collective mind of entire nations. Coulianu credited the Rosicrucian Giordano Bruno for the development of proto-crowd control techniques that would later surface in the sphere of social sciences as public relations, market research, disinformation and espionage. Bruno believed that society could always be divided into its essential components, manipulator and manipulated, and it was the role of the occultist, who would later become the scientist, to enchain the spirit of the common people through the window of their imagination, more commonly recognized as the libido. Bruno envisioned these chains as “phantasms” capable of affecting and influencing human consciousness and, by extension, social behavior. The ultimate purpose of Bruno's phantasms was to replace the external coercion of the state with internal compulsion, thus creating a self-regulating system of government.

This paradigm can easily describe the guilt-driven compulsions underlying the belief systems of the religious right, just as it can the more permissive society of Alduous Huxley's Brave New World. Setting aside political differences, there is an extensive documented history of secret societies such as the Freemasons employing occult symbolism through corporate marketing campaigns. While the alternative media typically focuses on hidden symbolism in the entertainment industry, there remains a widespread lack of discussion around the presence of occult symbolism in the logos of military contractors, agricultural companies and fossil fuel industries. What this coded media language amounts to is an avenue of social control for a shadow government comprised of elite fraternities attempting to bypass the democratic process through covert organizations. On either end of the political spectrum, the influence of fraternal orders rooted in ancient mystery cults can be discerned with careful observation.

Many mystery cults were composed of mystics who worked to provide a framework for enlightenment, a method to reach the divine through acts of mutual aid and service to others. Simultaneously, there were those within these schools for whom spiritual mastery was not a practice for managing the harmful qualities of the self, but instead a means by which to control the populace and create a class of subjugated people. Within these latter groups can be found the centuries old tradition of organized ritual abuse, whose existence is still disputed by the legal system in part because the phenomenon has been simplified as being primarily “satanic” in nature. Sophisticated mind control techniques are typically based around organized child abuse, where the developing mind of the child is shaped according to a combination of advanced scientific and occult principles. The science of trauma-based mind control is essentially an esoteric tradition, with widespread social control measures functioning as the exoteric expression of its ideas. In every case, fear-based conditioning is the basis of manipulation, whether those techniques are applied to individuals in a cult setting or to society as a whole.

The word "occultism" has traditionally been understood to convey practices such as astrology, divination, alchemy and spell-casting. The actual definition is a lot more complex, translating from the Latin word, occultus, to mean “knowledge of the hidden”.  This definition contrasts occultism with the scientific method which can be defined as “knowledge of the measurable”. The Latin translation necessarily extends esotericism into the realm of Judeo-Christianity as well as indigenous cultures which, on the surface, have no commonalities with Western magical traditions. In truth, Western occultism was heavily influenced, and even shaped, by both monotheistic and polytheistic spiritual faiths. From its early origins in Hermeticism, occultism has drawn heavily from the field of what would come to be known as comparative religion, assimilating varied traditions into a methodology similar to what many contemporary occult practitioners describe as shamanism.

Because intensive study of non-Christian faiths was, during the early beginnings of the history of occult practice, considered to be potential evidence of impiety, religious institutions governed education and attempted to prevent the “heresy” of polytheistic faith. As a result, blanket condemnation of occultism carries with it the strong likelihood of racism even while many occultists have themselves been complicit in imperialism and cultural appropriation. As the history of occult orders is closely related to that of empires based on the practice of parasitizing the labor and psyche of their citizens, the details that follow are, in several passages, quite violent and difficult to absorb. Thankfully these more unpleasant aspects of esoteric history have been balanced by the traditions of organizations that strive towards the creation of communities based around principles of social justice, while not limiting the process of enlightenment to a chosen few.

No history of the rise of religious elites, along with the mystery schools and fertility cults that formed around them, is complete without a basic understanding of how these societies were shaped by their surrounding ecosystem. Prehisorical indigenous cultures utilized sacred symbolism as a method to communicate with and appease spirits of nature. In contrast with later societal uses of symbolism, which were often divorced from their immediate meaning and form, indigenous cultures understood symbols as living embodiments of the unseen forces that shape the material world. Indigenous horticultural societies developed elaborate systems of forest gardening that preserved the biodiversity of surrounding riparian habitats, thus ensuring the continued existence and sustenance of their communities. Horticultural societies are typically perceived as a temporary development bridging the gap between hunter-gatherer cultures and agricultural societies even though many of them, such as the Native American Hopewell cultures, persisted for close to a millenium. While romanticized accounts of indigenous egalitarian utopias can be discounted as ahistorical fiction, the archaeological record does convey societal histories with far less social inequality than is characteristic of agricultural societies.

Historians have recognized that agriculture led to the rise of religious authorities because the availability of grain storage meant that power could be concentrated in the hands of whoever controlled the food supply, in contrast to earlier societies which relied upon perishable food. This oversimplified account of environmental history does not take into account the inevitable precarity of agricultural societies, whose very existence is based upon the degradation of their surrounding ecosystem, leading in turn to conditions that result in violent conflict for the control of natural resources. This process begins with the deforestation needed to clear way for agricultural fields, which over time suffer from soil salting and a loss of soil fertility, after which settlements are abandoned. In the Middle East, an area of the world once known as the “fertile crescent”, this loss of soil fertility has transformed the entire region into a desert unfit for sustaining human life. In other words, the mythology of “swords to plowshares” is an impossibility, because widespread tilling of the soil always results in a chain of events leading to famine, social stratification and violent conflict. These catastrophes of nature are then reflected in religious symbolism, in which seasonal procession is viewed as an inherently violent cycle governed by malevolent nature deities whose wrath must be appeased by the shedding of human blood. Therefore, any history of social inequality should be placed in a greater context of disruption of the ecological web of life, whereby the death of entire ecosystems through agricultural tilling results in a chain of events leading to warfare and human sacrifice.

The occult theocracies of Mesopotamia were the first centralized institutions to design tactics of mass social manipulation through ecstatic celebration. Although some well-intentioned neo-pagan authors have attempted to formulate visions of Mesopotamian empires as havens for individual rights, particularly the rights of women, the principles of the Babylonian law code tell quite a different story. The ruling classes of Mesopotamian nation-states effectively devised a prototype for the modern totalitarian state through near total control of social behavior. For example, Babylonian law states that a woman who was convicted of adultery would be stoned to death, a practice that continues in many Islamic countries to this day. Yet the religious ritual that united the majority of Mesopotamian cultures was a sex rite symbolizing the sacred marriage of the king with a fertility goddess, variously represented as Inanna, Astarte and Ishtar, among others names. The Greek historian Herodotus claimed that all Babylonian women were bound by law to sexually perform for strangers. Far from being an unrestrained celebration, sacred marriage rituals were strictly regulated and designed to reinforce the authority of the king over his citizens. The philosophy underlying Mesopotamian fertility rites was the divine right of kings, a concept that would later justify the establishment of feudal aristocracies throughout Medieval Europe.

Like the Mesopotamian empires, Ancient Egypt was a theocracy supported by the subjugation of the lower classes whose agricultural labor enabled the comfortable lifestyle of the priests. Egyptians did not consider sexuality to be a taboo subject, as their mythology contained stories of adultery, masturbation, incest and same sex relationships. For the royal family, incest was seen as a holy act because it perpetuated the bloodline of the gods. One of the most vicious traditions that originated in Ancient Egypt was genital cutting, a ritual that was carried out as a devotional sacrifice to the Gods. In the present era, female genital mutilation is a pervasive problem that has caused chronic health problems in countless women, even leading to fetal death during childbirth due to blockage of the birth canal. Circumcision was exported from Egypt during the exodus of the Hebrews into Israel, along with the monotheism practiced by the hermaphroditic Pharaoh Akhenatan.

The Hebrew patriarchs devised the foundation of Abrahamic religions when they wrote the the Old Testament, in which Moses praises the necessity of strictly regimented social hierarchies similar to those of Mesopotamian nation-states. The Pentateuch explicitly outlines how God commands genocide, slavery and the mass rape of children as a way of solidifying Hebrew supremacy in Israel. In Numbers 31:17-18 God tells the Israelite soldiers “Now therefore kill every male among the little ones and kill every woman that hath known man by lying with him. But all the women children that have not known man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves.” In ancient Israel the arranged marriage of child brides was seen as a way to ensure paternity as well as the continuity of the Abrahamic bloodlines. Wives were also required to obey their husbands as part of Mosaic law.

The Christian practice of administering sacraments can be traced to Greco-Roman mystery cults such as the festival of Attis, where an effigy representing the god was hung from a tree as a form of ritual sacrifice. March 24th was known as the Day of Blood and on this day a priest representing Attis drew blood from his arm and offered it to the gods. On the 25th the resurrection of Attis was celebrated with a sacramental meal, after which cult initiates were baptized in blood and they were said to be “born again”. The cult celebrations of Attis evoke the following passage from Deuteronomy 12:27: “And thou shalt offer thy burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, upon the altar of the Lord thy God, and thou shalt eat the flesh.” Greco-Roman mystery cults preceded the modern degree system of Freemasonry, with secretive cult initiations based on mystical theology. The violence of many of these initiations functioned as a code of instructions for an imperial warrior ethos that was enacted by adult men coercing boys and forcing slaves into a passive sexual role in order to condition them into accepting virtues of cruelty and unchecked aggression. These values were then absorbed by young soldiers who would apply what they learned in the subjugation of foreign peoples.

Running counter to the autocratic ideals of Rome were the Dionysian mystery cults, a decentralized religion that involved the induction of trance through music, spirit possession and intoxicants. The cults provided a gathering place for social dissidents including slaves, women and foreigners who were assigned positions of respect atypical of their role in greater Roman and Greek society. The mystery cults of Dionysus have been interpreted as an affirmation and mastery over humanity's primal nature which could then be reintegrated into civilized life. Although Dionysus was later absorbed into the Olympic pantheon, historians have come to a general consensus that the mystery cults were an indigenous tradition predating Greek civilization. The cults may have also been linked to the Dionysian artificers, an esoteric sect that incorporated aspects of sacred geometry into the construction of public buildings, which could then be used to feed impoverished people. Roman authorities outlawed the mystery cults, whose non-hierarchical structure they saw as a threat to the political status quo. The cult's central role in resistance against Roman tyranny was made apparent when the wife of Spartacus, who led a slave revolt against the Republic, was announced to have been a cult initiate who considered her husband to be an incarnation of Dionysus. As a final strategy, the Roman oligarchs decided to infiltrate the cults, which were then reformulated into a hierarchical structure and assimilated into the Roman state as the Bacchanalia. It may have been during this latter incarnation of the cult's evolution that stories of ritual violence, including murder, made their way to the floors of the Roman Senate.

Another decentralized religion that rose in opposition to the Roman aristocracy was the earliest phase of Christianity, which may be more accurately described as Gnosticism. The militant pacifism of the symbolic archetype of Jesus exists in striking contrast to both the imperialistic virtues of Rome and the genocidal mandates of Jehovah. These ideas should not be interpreted as a passive acquiescence to injustice but instead as an act of moral force, whereby those who had been compelled to obedience through a societal paradigm which recognized strength as the only law took on a new role by leading and transforming the nature of their communities. Some of the first Gnostics were female priests who led congregations in private homes, a practice that directly opposed the values of Roman society which saw women as primarily breeding stock. In Mathew 5:9, Jesus said “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.” Taken from the the context of a time period defined by war, slavery and gross social injustice, this statement is profoundly transgressive in a sense that is difficult to appreciate coming from the perspective of a modern person living in a democratic society. Where "survival of the fittest" is the law, women and children will necessarily take on a subordinate role sheerly by virtue of their lesser physical strength alone. This principle also applies to indigenous communities which obviously have not had the military strength to defend themselves against centralized nation-states even when unavoidably necessary attempts at self defense have been made. Unfortunately the philosophy of the early Christians that "the meek will inherit the earth" was later horribly corrupted as the Roman Catholic Church went on to murder and enslave countless numbers of indigenous communities while enshrining social inequity as the mandate of God himself.

There has been endless academic debate about whether Jesus was a truly historical figure or a representation of the teachings of a much larger number of priests and mystics. Scholars are in unanimous agreement that the Gospels were written during the time of Gnosticism, the decentralized spiritual movement that believed the God of the Old Testament to be a malevolent being who created our world as a fallen universe separated from the Divine. Many Gnostic texts, especially the Gospel of Thomas, emphasize the idea that the light of Christ is accessible to everyone without the intervention of a priestly hierarchy, including polytheists and other supposed heretics. Religious worship frequently took place in private homes instead of churches. Gnostic beliefs regarding human sexuality varied greatly, from those of the Ophites, who invoked the serpent of Genesis as a symbol of forbidden knowledge through orgiastic celebrations, to dualistic views about the ultimate incompatibility of spirit and the body. Dualism was later embraced by the Roman Catholic Church, which also outlawed the ordination of female priests while branding Gnosticism a punishable heresy.

The establishment of Christianity as the central faith of Rome can be seen as a way to commodify divergent forms of spirituality that had the potential to undermine the powers of the state. In order to achieve religious centralization, the clergy appropriated elements of polytheistic iconography and essentially preserved the hierarchical cults of antiquity through the Church. Evidence for the influence of pagan religions on Catholicism is displayed in the architecture of Gothic cathedrals whose rose windows, supposedly representative of the Virgin Mary, are actually an ancient symbol for the Egyptian Isis, wife of the solar deity Osiris. The mythology of Isis is permeated with stories of miraculous pregnancies and she is also traditionally depicted wearing a cloak of stars, the same as the Virgin Mary. Osiris was one of many solar deities whose mythology represented the cyclical path of the sun as it symbolically died during the winter solstice and was born anew as a young child. Ancient pagans saw the sun gods as a personification of the life-giving force and their resurrection was often celebrated during the spring solstice through sex rites intended to ensure agricultural bounty.

Gothic cathedrals were built by early guilds of stone masons, who utilized their knowledge of sacred geometry to construct the churches in the image of the human body. The spires, obelisks and steeples represent pagan phallic worship with the church domes and entrances mirroring the receptive female. The rays of the sun, as they penetrate the rose windows, symbolize the moment of conception. Roses were also a symbol of the worship of Venus, a Roman goddess associated with love and fertility. The Greek virgin goddess Astraea was an additional inspiration for the Virgin Mary. Astraea's festivals were celebrated during August, the same time as the Catholic feast of the Assumption, signifying the day when the Virgin Mary went to heaven. The phallic reverence of the Roman empire is preserved in St. Peter' Square at the Vatican, where an obelisk was placed after being shipped from Egypt by the Roman emperor Caligula. Stories of solar deities like Dionysus were suppressed by the Church and later reconfigured into the mythology of Christ. Dionysus, whose birthday was celebrated during the winter solstice, was invoked during festivals where his body was symbolically eaten as bread. The Persian god Mithra, also born of a virgin, was known to have performed exorcisms and cured the sick. The Phyrgian deity Attis, born of the virgin Nana, died and was resurrected with his flesh symbolically consumed as bread by worshipers. All of the various solar deities were combined in the Roman festival of Saturnalia, which was celebrated during the winter solstice.

Orthodox Christianity basically outlawed goddess worship while demoting female deities to the status of a mortal human whose role was primarily reproductive. Yet aspects of the Gnostic veneration for feminine archetypes reemerged several centuries later in a heretical Christian sect called the Cathars. The Cathars rejected Catholic deference to hierarchy while preaching that all men and women were equal. They believed that hell was reincarnation in the material world which had been created by the fallen god Jehovah. The Cathars were also devoted to universalism, a system of faith founded on the idea that all religions offer a pathway to heaven, the ultimate destination of all souls. The inner core of the Cathars were celibate, although this practice was not compulsory for all members. The sect preached that non-procreative sex was less morally problematic than the procreative variety, a teaching that led to them being labeled as sodomites in opposition to the biblical mandate of “be fruitful and multiply”. Catholic doctrine maintains that procreation is the primary purpose of marriage while minimizing the potential for marriage to create a spiritually transcendent experience. Ethical questions about procreation must be analyzed from the context of the Medieval time period, during which one in five women died during child birth and approximately half of all newborns never lived past their first year. Many contemporary historians have discovered through the Malleus Malifecarum (Hammer of Evildoers) as well as other medieval documents, that herbal practitioners, particularly midwives, were a special focus of the Inquisition. Medieval herbalists were likely familiar with the plant commonly known as Queen Anne's Lace, an emmenagogue (menstrual promoter) that has been used for centuries to prevent implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine lining. Several different modern herbalists have conducted studies concluding that Queen Anne's Lace prevents pregnancy at a rate very close to 100% without the toxic side effects of synthetic estrogens or the waiting period necessary for surgical abortions. Compared to the modern abortion and birth control industry, medieval herbalists had formulated a medical practice that was, in numerous ways, superior. There are many situations, even factoring in medical advances of recent decades, where the scientific record has shown that continuing a pregnancy endangers the life of the mother. During medieval times, when women's access to effective, sanitary health care was minimal at best, the suppression of vitally useful information about herbal contraception undoubtedly led to an exponentially greater number of deaths for both mothers and their babies. When this information is taken into consideration, it stands to reason that Catholic dogma promoting procreation as a moral necessity ironically displays a callous disregard for human life.

Papal intolerance of divergent viewpoints continued into the Albigensian Crusade, when the Cathar stronghold of Languedoc was invaded on orders of Pope Eugene III. Many thousands of Cathars were slaughtered even though their only provocation against the church had been strictly philosophical. The Church's predilection for genocide extended well into the 16th century with the Spanish Inquisition, an event that can effectilvely be interpreted as a continuation of polytheistic blood sacrifice rituals. Another sect that has received much attention from both historians and the media is the Knights Templar, an organization that was in many ways the polar opposite of the Cathars. While the Cathars lived in voluntary poverty and tolerated other religions, the Templars amassed enormous fortunes and pillaged Muslim-controlled territories. A disproportionate amount of the media spotlight directed at the Templars concerns allegations of the fraternity engaging in violent sex rites where demonic idols were anointed with the fat of unbaptized babies. Most historians maintain that these accusations are inventions of the Church and, as a result, the Templars have come to be romanticized as martyrs of Christian persecution. In truth, the fraternity's inception was funded entirely by the Church and their extensive properties became the storehouses for Roman Catholic finances. The lurid details of ritualized orgies have since obscured the political ramifications of Templar banking, which was so widespread as to effectively set a precedent for the present day financial conglomerate. The Templars were organized in ways nearly identical to a modern corporation, even possessing a legal exemption to the Christian prohibition against money lending. In time, the Templars became so powerful that they accumulated numerous castles and estates, while managing much, if not most, of Europe's capital through the fledgling system of fractional reserve banking. Fractional reserve banking is a practice that allows banks to loan astronomical sums based on a tiny fraction of tangible assets. This new system enabled small networks of bankers to collectively engineer economic collapses by calling in all debts at the same time, thus drastically reducing the amount of currency in circulation. Today, engineered collapses are coordinated by inside traders who declare bankruptcy after transferring the funds of their customers to offshore accounts that function as tax havens. Financial practices engineered by the Templars made it possible for Church authorities and feudal landowners to amass wealth in a way that had not been possible in previous eras. So the fraternity did a great deal to increase already vast disparities in wealth and social status, directly leading to a dramatic reduction in living standards for the majority of Europe's population.

The historical record indicates a strong possibility that, after the Templars were officially disbanded on orders of King Philip, many of their members went underground and resurfaced in other esoteric fraternities throughout Europe, such as the Knights Hospitallers, The Order of the Garter, the Knights of Malta and the Rosicrucians. The Rosicrucians were an anonymous brotherhood who claimed to be devoted to reviving the arts and sciences of classical civilizations. The fraternity's impact on the cultural ethos of their time period was so significant that the award-winning scholar Frances Yates argued that both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment originated in Rosicrucian philosophy. While undoubtedly many within the organization were genuinely working for the stated Rosicrucian goals of providing free education and health care, other, more influential members maneuvered to create an elite brotherhood to rule over the commoners.

The Rosicrucian occultist John Dee, consultant and astrologer of Queen Elizabeth I, even coined the term “British Empire” while using his expertise in navigation to train European explorers who would go on to colonize and enslave Native Americans, among other “uncivilized” peoples. The Confesio Fraternitas is one of two doctrines widely regarded to have been written by founding members of the Rosicrucians and it contains the following quote, perfectly summarizing the contempt with which the author, and in all probability many other highly-placed members within the sect, regarded the common people: “A thousand times the unworthy may clamour, a thousand times may present themselves, yet God hath commanded our ears that they should hear none of them, and hath so compassed us about with His clouds that unto us, His servants, no violence can be done.”

Some of the most blatant examples of Rosicrucian-inspired occult symbolism can be found in the portraiture of Queen Elizabeth. In the Rainbow Portrait, she is portrayed draped in a cloak decorated with dozens of eyes and ears, a statement that seems to imply the nearly metaphysical supremacy of Elizabethan England. This analysis becomes reasonable in light of the fact that her court was the wellspring of the Secret Service, with Dee playing a prominent role in its genesis. The portrait is named after a rainbow that Elizabeth clutches in her right hand, an image that a variety of world cultures have interpreted as the mystic’s bridge between earth and the celestial realm. Additionally, Hinduism assigns a chakra to every color of the rainbow, possibly indicating an intellectual or spiritual influence of Dee's, who was known to dabble in the yogic tradition. This hypothesis is further reinforced by the coiled snake on Elizabeth’s cloak, since the serpent has traditionally been viewed as an allusion to the path of illumination through the rising of the kundalini force.

The court of the Medicis is considered by many researchers, including Yates, to have been a converging point for Rosicrucians, and the family itself is rumored to have contained grand masters of the esoteric Priory of Sion fraternity. The Medicis commissioned countless works of art containing occult themes, including Bronzino’s Allegory of Venus, a painting adorned with fertility symbols such as roses, a snakeskin and a beehive. The Allegory of Venus is one of many paintings of the Renaissance that can be seen as a reenactment of Roman bacchanalia. Of the Bacchanalia, Roman historian Thomas Madden writes “…there was no crime, no deed of shame, wanting. More uncleanness was committed by men with men than with women. Whoever would not submit to defilement, or shrank from violating others, was sacrificed as a victim.” Viewed in this context, the golden apple of Venus most likely represents a fall from Christian standards of purity. The dove in the lower left hand corner has also been associated with the Egyptian goddess Semiramis and then with Isis at a later point. The mask in the lower right hand corner also points towards the painting being a depiction of a mascherate (masque), a masked ball that combines poetry and musical performance. The mascherate had been perfected and performed by Lorenzo de Medici, who wrote the majority of the poetry for the masques which happened in his lifetime. It is abundantly clear that Lorenzo modeled these occasions after Roman bacchanalia, since he decorated the theater in which the masques took place with not only a replication of Roman triumphal cars and arches, but also their trophies, sculptures and ornamentation. Usage of the masks within the mascherate was another appropriation of polytheistic cultures, since the mask has a long history of being worn during pagan ceremonies in order to achieve a dissociative state through dance and chanting. The spirits of animals were believed to possess the wearers as they danced. Masks have also been used in conjunction with masonic initiation ceremonies where the initiate is masked before undergoing a symbolic death and rebirth.

It is notable that Machiavelli once remarked that the masques were merely a way for autocratic rulers to quell dissent among the populace. A nearly identical concept in the Roman world would have been the distraction of the masses by bread and circuses, which were made available to all citizens in order to prevent rioting. The Roman bacchanalia have historically been associated with political crimes and conspiracies, suggesting that the “debaucherous” activities contained within were at least in part a ruse by which political elites could elicit the secrets of those who they wished to direct into a desired course of action. Present day incarnations of this pattern can be seen in the Cremation of Care ceremonies at the elite Bohemian Grove, where a wooden effigy is ritually burned in front of a a circle of chanting revelers wearing white robes. On the surface, the Grove is a summer camp for the nation’s elite, with a guest roster that has listed Bush Sr. and Jr., Ronald Reagan, Henry Kissinger and Arnold Schwarzenegger. Predictably, the site has been linked to personal scandals ranging from crossdressing to child prostitution and murder.

The presence of ritualized androgyny at the Grove may be yet another occult influence since, for the Rosicrucians, androgyny was a way to reach the divine through the unification of polar opposites in harmonious perfection. Rosicrucian ideas about the transformative nature of androgyny may very well have originated with the accounts of European colonists, since literally hundreds of indigenous cultures throughout North and South America have placed gender deviant tribal members in a shamanic role within their respective cultures. Yet mystical androgyny took shape in a very different way in the highly codified world of European high society, because it was placed into a greater context of social inequity instead of relatively democratic culture as had been the case with indigenous cultures. An alchemical text from the 17th century, Philosophia Reformata, contains a drawing of a crowned man and woman turned towards one another in bed, alongside two soaring ravens and two images of the sun. The description says that the royal brother and sister are purified by fire, after which they are “united” and cleansed of corruption by the dew of heaven. A subsequent drawing depicts the siblings emerging from a grave as a hermaphrodite underneath the storm of a rain cloud. It may be that the text's not-so-subtle reference to incest is an acknowledgement of the European resurrection of Egyptian traditions perpetuating the divine bloodlines of the royal family through intermarriage.

According to a countless number of inside sources, nearly all the campers at the Bohemian Grove belong to occult fraternities descended from the Templars and Rosicrucians. The camp's name itself is likely derived from the occult history of the kingdom Bohemia, which, particularly during the reign of Frederick V was regarded as a center for Rosicrucian activities and research. It is probable that the cyclical nature of the personal scandals of political elites are attributable not only to the banalities of human nature, but also to the covert machinations of occult fraternities, where ill-favored initiates are ousted from the cult either by taking the blame for activities of the group or, more ominously, by unexplainable disappearance. It is known that the first four sonnets of Lorenzo de Medici’s Comento were dedicated to a woman named Simonetta, who appears in the masque as Venus. This fact is significant because Simonetta died at the age of 23 on April 26, in the brief window of energetic potency that occult practitioners believe surrounds the pagan holiday of Beltane. Exactly two years later to the day, Lorenzo’s brother Giuliano was assassinated by the papacy, begging the question of whether their deaths were yet another facet of the revived Bacchanalia.


The French Revolution, next in the line of major historical events impacted by occult fraternities, is marked by the abolishment of feudalism and a transition away from absolutist monarchies towards constitutionalist states and republics, which have since become the dominant forms of government in the modern world. All of these political accomplishments originated in grass roots peasant uprisings that were then later attributed almost entirely to middle class intellectuals whose ranks were composed of many members of esoteric organizations such as the Rosicrucians and the Freemasons. As with the Rosicrucians before them, many Freemasons exhibited genuine revolutionary sentiment, however, many members who came from the aristocracy primarily continued to view peasants as a source of expendable, cheap labor. During the time of the revolution, Edinburgh philosophy professor John Robison attended meetings of the sect only to later report that the true aim of Freemasonry was to subvert revolutionary uprisings in order to establish international hegemony on behalf of the ruling classes. In successive centuries, the elite families tied to Freemasonry would play a crucial role in the expansion of the British Empire, a series of military conquests that left Native populations devastated by mass famine and poverty due to war, slavery and ruthless taxation by the British. In Treason in America, Anton Chaitkin meticulously documents how the British East India company established Masonic lodges in China to enable the unimpeded importation of opium, an act that ended in addiction for tens of millions of Chinese peasants.

The social stratification represented by the degree system of Freemasonry is a logical extension of natural law, the Catholic ideology by which rigidly maintained social hierarchy was deemed a necessary component of any holy society. The Eye of Providence, colloquially known as the all-seeing eye, was first a Catholic symbol intended to symbolize the divine providence of God watching over humanity and superseding in human affairs through ecclesiastical authorities. The earliest depiction of the Eye of Providence in Europe was within the Palatine Chapel, whose construction was begun by Charlemagne in 786. Charlemagne was the first Holy Roman Emperor, and his accession inaugurated a return to the divine right of kings in Christian Europe. In the New Testament, the concept of the divine right of kings had been justified by the statement of St. Peter that all Christians should honor the pagan Roman Emperor. Throughout Medieval Europe, the same idea applied to feudal properties, which were believed to be owned by God and managed by Kings, who were in turn answerable only to the authority of Popes. This arrangement of power formed the basis of the figurative pyramid whose base was composed of serfs living in conditions akin to slavery in all of its most essential aspects. Feudal plantation owners were legally allowed to beat, murder and rape their serfs, while the serfs were forbidden from owning or selling property. The etymology of the term “serf” can be traced to the Latin word “servus”, which literally translates to slave.

In 1865 slavery was permanently abolished within the United States by way of the Thirteenth Amendment. Less than a year later, the Holy Office responded via an instruction signed by Pope Pius IX, which states: “Slavery itself, considered as such in its essential nature, is not at all contrary to the natural and divine law, and there can be several just titles of slavery, and these are referred to by approved theologians and commentators of the sacred canons … It is not contrary to the natural and divine law for a slave to be sold, bought, exchanged or given”. This policy was not officially changed within Canon law until 1918. Medieval texts used the words “peasant”, “serf” and “slave” as synonymous representations of the overwhelming majority of the population who did not own property. The Domesday Book of 1086 recorded a census of Britain's million and a half inhabitants, noting that less than three percent were free landholders. The feudal pyramid explicated a regimented division of value whereby corporeal hierarchies of serfs, lords, abbots, knights and bishops were arranged below heavenly hierarchies of saints, angels and, ultimately, God. As a material extension of these values, religious institutions such as abbeys and monasteries maintained a significant portion of European feudal properties while simultaneously amassing vast fortunes as a result.

The social stratification of greater Medieval society was also applied to individual families, which were typically formed according to strict laws and customs as opposed to individual choice. For example, the lord of an estate could prevent serfs from marrying women from another estate, while also exercising the power to choose husbands for their tenants' daughters. Medieval laws also required parental consent for marriage up to the age of 30 for men and the age of 25 for women. The doctrine of mutual consent also allowed for spouses to abandon their families based on “confession” of prior marriage to a different spouse. As merchant classes arose in later centuries, the doctrine of mutual consent ostensibly allowed for freedom of choice in marriage, however, in practice, parents controlled the choices of their children by denying inheritance rights to those who married against their wishes. The free bench was an English manorial custom that defined a widow's inheritance rights as dependent on her chastity, and remarriage, as well as any ostensible evidence of sexual activity, required the widow to forfeit her lands. Similarly, the Legrewite was a fine designed to punish single sexually active women, a fee often compounded by the childwite, yet another fine for the birth of illegitimate children. As stated previously, the doctrine of mutual consent allowed for previously married women to have their children classified as illegitimate regardless of the wife's commitment to her marriage. In France, unmarried pregnant women were systematically interrogated at local government offices.

The “virtue” of blind obedience to religious and political authorities was promoted by the Jesuits, a Catholic fraternity that predated both the Freemasons and the Bavarian Illuminati. In his Letter on Obedience, Jesuit (Society of Jesus) founder Ignatius of Loyola wrote “And so, I should wish that all of you would train yourselves to recognize Christ our Lord in any Superior whomsoever, and with all devotion, reverence and obey in him His Divine Majesty. And this will appear less strange to you, if you keep in mind that St. Paul, writing to the Ephesians, bids us obey even temporal and pagan Superiors as Christ from Whom all well ordered authority descends: Slaves, obey your masters according to the flesh with fear and trembling in the sincerity of your hearts as you would Christ: not serving to the eye as pleasers of men, but as slaves of Christ.”
Loyola's apparently tolerant attitude toward polytheistic cultures did not, however, prevent the Jesuits from playing a central role in the Goa Inquisition. The office of the Inquisition on the Portugese state of Goa was responsible for sanctioning the death by torture of dozens of Hindus and Muslims for the crime of practicing their native religion. The Goa Inquisition was originally installed after Francis Xavier, a student of Loyola's, one of seven original Jesuits and co-founder of the same group, wrote a letter to King John III of Portugal, requesting Catholic expedition to India as a route to ensuring Christian purity. As Xavier departed to lead the mission, the pope appointed him apostolic nuncio to the East, an ecclesiastical diplomatic title equivalent to that of ambassador. The Inquisition's first act was to establish the death penalty for open practice of the Hindu faith. Hundreds of prison cells were set up to accommodate the accused. Hindu temples were destroyed and ransacked, their contents confiscated by army action. The local Konkani language was suppressed, Hindu holy books were destroyed and Portugese became the compulsory national language.
The Jesuits organized an annual mass baptism on January 25, the Feast of Saint Paul, whereby their African slaves were ordered to grab Hindus and smear their lips with beef, an act that resulted in many Hindus being labeled as untouchable by their own people. In his book, the Goa Inquisition, Indo-Portugese historian T.R. De Souza writes “...the government transferred to the Church and religious orders the properties and other sources of revenue that had belonged to the Hindu temples that had been demolished or to the temple servants who had been converted or banished. Entire villages were taken over at times for being considered rebellious and handed over with all their revenues to the Jesuits.” The Goa Inquisition also exhaustively details the methods of torture through which Catholic missionaries enforced religious conversions, including flogging, dismemberment and amputations carried out so slowly that the victims remained alive throughout the process. The auto-de-fa was the Catholic ritual of public penance whereby condemned heretics and apostates were burned at the stake. According to De Souza, Francis Xavier was present at the first Inquisition, where two of the accused, including a French cleric, were burned alive. For his efforts, Xavier was canonized as a saint by Pope Gregory XV, at the same time as Ignatius Loyola, and proclaimed the “Patron of Catholic Missions” by Pope Pius XI.
Aside from their work in suppressing cultural and religious expression abroad, the Jesuits also endeavored to suppress European institutions that threatened the power of the Catholic church, particularly in the areas of politics and scientific discourse. In 1616 the Inquisition declared the scientific proposition that the Earth rotates around the Sun to be heresy, shortly after the Index of Prohibited Books banned any writings that advanced Copernican heliocentric astronomy. Jesuit astronomers argued that geocentrism, the theory that the earth is the center of the universe around which all heavenly bodies revolve, was in accordance with a literal interpretation of Scripture, particularly Psalms 96:10, Chronicles 16:30, Psalms 93:1, Ecclesiastes 1:5 and Psalms 104:5. The chief theologian of the Inquisition, Robert Bellarmine, was a Jesuit who read the astronomer Galileo Galilei the decree of the Index and ordered him to abandon his research into the Copernican system. When this decree was ignored, Galilei was confined to house arrest for the rest of his life. Galilei's discoveries were so ground-breaking that he has since been dubbed the “father of observational astronomy”.
The Society of Jesus was also able to gain political influence by hearing the confessions of kings, princes and other political authorities. According the New Catholic Encyclopedia, “they acted as royal confessors to all French kings for 2 centuries, from Henry III to Louis XV; to all German emperors after the early 17th century; to all Dukes of Bavaria after 1579; to most rulers of Poland and Portugal; to the Spanish kings in the 18th century; to James II of England; and to many ruling or princely families throughout Europe.” Confessions in this context functioned much as the Bacchanalia had in previous centuries: organizations in a position to elicit incriminating secrets were much more likely to gain the advantage of political blackmail. Royal confessors were thus able to promote the interests of the Papacy, such as when LeTellier, Jesuit confessor to King Louis XIV, convinced the monarch to revoke the Edict of Nantes which granted substantial rights to Calvinist Protestants. Because of this history of political maneuvering, the Society was expelled from most states across Europe, as well as a number of European colonies. In Portugal the Jesuit royal confessor Gabriel Malagrida was declared guilty of high treason on account of his role in plotting the attempted assassination of King Jose I. Malagrida was not executed because the Papacy expressed opposition to the execution of a Jesuit by secular authorities. Instead, he was confined to a dungeon beneath the tower of Belem along with other Jesuits, who were also arrested for their role in the plan.
Aside from political intrigue, another charge commonly leveled at the Society was economic exploitation, especially regarding trade revenues derived from colonial mission plantations. As a religious order the Jesuits were technically forbidden from buying and selling for profit, however, as had been the case with the Knights Templar before them, this rule was largely disregarded. Referring to the Society's financial management of mission plantations, the Catholic Encyclopedia of 1908 states “...this was allowed, partly to provide for the current expenses of the mission, partly in order to protect the simple, childlike natives from the common plague of dishonest intermediaries.” In the Americas, Jesuit acquisitions were so extensive that suppression of the order resulted in widespread economic changes. The Society had owned the largest number of black slaves in Chile, so when Jesuits were expelled from the country there was a sharp decrease in the number of imported slaves. After Jesuit vineyards in Peru were auctioned, wine production also declined because the new owners did not have the expertise necessary to manage the fields.
The combined political, economic and academic influence of the Society contributed to numerous anti-Jesuit conspiracy theories alleging the order to be involved in plotting to overthrow nation-states on behalf of the Papacy. Many of these theories were a product of French anti-clericalism and claimed a rivalry between Freemasons and the Society of Jesus. Ironically, historians documenting the origins of speculative Freemasonry have unearthed evidence indicating that Freemasonry is in large part derived from Catholicism, with the Jesuits in particular playing an important role in their expansion throughout France. According to Chevalier Ramsay, a Fellow of the Royal Society as well as a tutor to King James' two sons, Freemasonry was founded in antiquity and renewed at the time of the Crusades. Crusaders utilized a symbolic language derived from the ancient Mystery cults, which was intended to differentiate Crusader from Saracen. The close relationship between these early Masons and the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem eventually resulted in the Blue Degrees which are named St. John's Masonry. Masonic participation in the Crusades may also be the reason why, according to Freemasonic legend, the original Lodge is “symbolically” located in Jerusalem. It may also be worth noting that Ramsay was a Baronet in the Jacobite Peerage (a hereditary honor granted by the deposed Stuart dynasty), so he may have been in a strategic position for absorbing the guarded secrets of high-ranking initiates.
One of the oldest surviving Masonic documents, from December 1658, suggests that the commonly held belief of the ideals of Freemasonry being opposed to royalism may, in truth, be erroneous. The document states, “That as formerly we and predecessors have and had from the temple of temples building on this earth one uniform community and union throughout the whole world from which temple proceeded one in Kilwinning in this our nation of Scotland and from that of Kilwinning many more within this kingdom of which there proceeded the Abbey and Lodge of Scone, built by men of art and architecture where they placed that lodge as the second lodge within this nation, which is now past memory of many generations, and was upheld by the Kings of Scotland...this Lodge is the most famous Lodge (if well ordered) within this kingdom-of which name of Mylne there had continued several generations of Master Masons to his Majesties the Kings of Scotland ." Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts is a book by architectural historian Vaughan Hart which further verifies this assertion, primarily through documenting the Hermetic-Cabalistic themes inherent in the masques of the Stuart court, which were typically planned and conceived by Masons.

Aside from the influence of Catholicism, one of the Enlightenment era philosophies associated with speculative Freemasonry was libertinism, a belief system that came to be defined as a complete absence of religious constraints. The ideology was named after the Roman god Liber, whose festival, the Liberalia, was celebrated by a procession in which a large phallus was paraded through the countryside to bring the promise of fertility to the land. Libertinism, in its most idealistic potential, attempted to expose the moral inadequacies of organized religion while providing a framework for community absent the constraints of social norms. Yet, without being grounded in political self-determination and mutual aid, the far more likely result of it propagation in a highly stratified society would have been abandonment of troublesome or inconvenient family members, since family life was considered a cornerstone of Christian ethics.

Perhaps the most recognized libertine of the era is the Marquis de Sade, an aristocrat, author, politician and alleged Freemason who is famous for inciting the storming of the Bastille, an event that inaugurated the French Revolution. Sade was imprisoned in the Bastille on account of his sexual torture of servants and prostitutes, acts that included rape, poisoning and cutting the women with knives. Although he is classified by many political theorists as a revolutionary, Sade was in fact opposed to the revolutionary goal of releasing feudal servants from debt bondage. During the September Massacres, a mass wave of violence directed against the Roman Catholic Church and the aristocracy, peasants ransacked the homes of nobility and burned records of feudal dues. De Sade immediately wrote to his deputy, Ripert, to order him to transport his family's estate books to a protected location in order to secure his inheritance. On September 2nd, several hundred priests were murdered by a mob who feared counterrevolutionary activity. Some of those who the rioters chose to execute were children that obviously could not have comprehended anything of the social injustice that motivated revolutionary impulse. De Sade later wrote of the massacres in a letter to his lawyer, saying "All of the refractory priests had their throats cut in the churches where they were being held, among them the archbishop of Arles, the most virtuous and respectable of men...There is nothing equal to the horror of the massacres, but they were just."

Given this predilection for status-seeking and exploitation of the lower classes, it should come as no surprise that De Sade was widely rumored to be a Freemason. Ex-Freemason and occult researcher Bill Schnoebelen contends to having seen internal masonic documents listing the Marquis as one of five founding members of the Illuminati. In one of his two major works, Juliette, or Vice Amply Rewarded, De Sade describes a secret society of libertines whose lodge is founded by members of the Knights Templar. The organization contains members of the royal family who routinely engage in incest and sexual torture of commoners. De Sade claimed that much of the novel was factually accurate and based on real life experience.
Historical precedent for Juliette can be found in the life of Gilles de Rais, a member of the French court and commander in the Royal Army who was convicted of murdering dozens of children as part of of a highly sexualized occult ritual sacrifice. Rais was thought to have murdered up to several hundred missing children and many have speculated that he was part of a larger network of aristocrats that saw the common people as expendable resources for their own sexual appetites. Far from being a collective voice for the downtrodden masses, many prominent Freemasons agitated for the revolutionary uprising of peasants while simultaneously colluding with royalists who would likely have had the working classes exterminated if that course of action became advantageous to their own survival. The overriding imperialistic instinct intrinsic to the elite inner core of Freemasonry is observable in the fact that nearly every family member, military officer and council member in Napoleon's inner circle was an established member of the cult. Napoleon himself was depicted flashing masonic hand signs, even though his name was never listed in official records of the fraternity.

Masonic intrigue was ultimately the common denominator between the bloodshed of the latter stages of the French Revolution and the subsequent consolidation of empire under the direction of Napoleon. This political centralization would eventually lead to the present era of nascent global governance through a direct line of international organizations oriented towards political integration, which many critics of globalist policy would see as an embodiment of the world hegemony that so many detractors of Freemasonry had warned of. As a direct result of the Napoleonic Wars, the Congress of Vienna was called to redraw the political boundaries of the continent, which had been called into dispute after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. Ostensibly a peaceful balance of European powers, the Congress set a prototype for The League of Nations and, later, The United Nations, globalist organizations that would come to be overwhelmingly staffed by members of occult fraternities, including the Freemasons.

According to Schnoebelen, another of the five founding members of the Illuminati was Francis Dashwood, 15th Baron le Spencer, Chancellor of the Exchequer and founder of the British branch of the Hellfire Club. The Hellfire Clubs, formally known as the Orders of St Francis of Wycombe, were a series of exclusive clubs throughout Europe which provided an environment where politicians and other "men of quality" engaged in mock religious rituals allegedly involving prostitutes dressed as nuns. Rumors surrounding the club said its members routinely engaged in black masses, orgies and ritual human sacrifice. One of the buildings in which meetings were held, Medmenham Abbey, had been officially recognized by royal charter before being privately sold several centuries later. Dashwood had Medmenham Abbey redecorated in the style of Gothic revival, with the grounds of the former monastery ornamented with statues of mythological figures, phallic symbols and other relics of pagan cultures.

While the club's members played at blasphemy, they also worked hand-in-hand with Christian policymakers to limit the freedoms of the rest of the population. One member, Robert Vansittart, was a governor of Bengal under the direction of the British East India Company. His older brother Henry, also said to be a member of the club, was director of the company. Governor Vansittart presided over Bengal during the time of the catastrophic Bengal Famine of 1770, for which the British East India Company is generally regarded as having been responsible for. As a result of company policy, Bengal farmers were forced to pay five times the amount of land tax and most of this revenue left the country entirely, placing an undue burden on the local economy. At the same time, the company actively destroyed food crops which were then replaced by opium poppies, further reducing food supplies while funneling profits to foreign markets. Company officials passed laws forbidding the "hoarding" of rice, so when a relatively mild drought occurred in the spring of 1770, farmers were left with no surplus to feed their families. By the year's end, ten million people, or one third of Bengal's population, had died of starvation. Meanwhile, the British East India company had established a monopoly in grain trading, even managing to increase their already substantial profits during the lean years of the drought.

Other influential members of the Hellfire Clubs included Edward Thompson, member of British Parliament, and Philip Wharton, first Duke of Wharton and member of the occult fraternity Order of the Garter. Both would go on to be Grand Masters of Freemasonry, Thompson for the Grand Lodge of York and Wharton for all of England. Thompson, in particular, became a target of Jonathan Swift on account of his introducing a bill in favor of inland taxes that, as had been the story in Bengal, siphoned away the meager resources of the lower classes, a group which collectively produced the foods, clothing and luxury items the aristocracy had come to depend on. Swift's polemic stated unequivocally that every member of Parliament was driven exclusively by greed and loyalty to the Crown, a claim that obviously contradicts the revolutionary Hellfire aesthetic, rendered mere window dressing when compared to the political uprising of the productive classes which was motivated sheerly by economic necessity. Essentially, the clubs functioned as an incentive for politicians and other men of influence to adopt the customs of the dominant world order, fleecing the laboring classes of their resources while looking out for the interests of industry and the old money families that governed its development. The Hellfire Clubs also heralded the next phase in the inception of the modern intelligence agency, whose dominion over world affairs is reinforced through the induction of shame and secrecy in otherwise "respectable" individuals.

During the 19th century, libertine philosophy found expression through the first wave of the free love movement which was originally not oriented towards promiscuity but instead a separation of personal relationships from the domain of state regulation. Proponents of free love, which was closely tied to the first wave of feminism, valued marriage for its role in promoting personal happiness instead of an exclusive purpose in biological reproduction and maintenance of social order. A particular focus of some early libertine feminists was the repeal of divorce laws that prevented women from leaving abusive marriages. Another tenet of the free love movement was opposition to Comstock laws, which sought to restrict discussion of sexuality to doctors and moral reformers. The Comstock laws functioned as a medicalized continuation of Roman Catholic suppression of midwifery and herbal birth control, tools that could have alleviated the unnecessarily high rate of maternal death, a problem that had reached epic proportions by the 19th century. Central demands of the free love movement included choice in marriage and resistance against state censorship, however the ethical aspirations of the masses which composed that movement proved to be more comprehensive than that of its founder, whose public scandals revealed a personality driven by self interest.

The phrase "free love" was coined by John Humphrey Noyes, the son of a Vermont congressman who formed a religious community called Oneida in upstate New York. Oneida was centered around the idea of complex marriage, a form of polygamy where monogamy and emotional attachment to individuals were explicitly forbidden. As it turns out, free love wasn't quite so free at all since Noyes presided over the decision-making process regarding the selection of appropriate sexual partners for each community member. Oneida was heavily invested in the practice of stirpiculture, a form of selective breeding in which only the most virtuous members were allowed to breed, and only after applying for the privilege and being approved by a committee headed by Noyes. This process was intended to achieve moral and spiritual enhancement in successive generations. The stirpiculture developed at Oneida is believed to have been the first selective breeding experiment involving human beings, a field of research that would eventually result in forced sterilizations and labor camps for those members of society deemed to be physically or morally unfit.

Not surprisingly, a disproportionate number of the children born on the commune were fathered by Noyes himself. The community was eventually disbanded after Noyes was accused of statutory rape, after which a son of Noyes formed a joint stock company, Oneida ltd., which went on to become the world's largest manufacturer of cutlery. A 1994 article in The Register-Guard newspaper reported that thousands of Oneida ltd.'s records were burned in the 1940s, an act that mind control researcher and author Fritz Springmeier contends was taken to keep the abusive sexual activities of the cult a secret. Springmeier contends that these practices included seances and sexual initiation rites. The same article noted above mentions that Oneida girls were made to burn their dolls in a ceremonial rite intended to banish the “doll spirit”, a form of graven image worship that encouraged unhealthy emotional attachment. One of the doctrines taught by Noyes was the idea of “ascending fellowship”, whereby a central committee of elite members selected by Noyes would choose young virgins to have sex with. The idea behind the practice was that those closer to perfection could provide guidance through physical and religious relationships, thus ensuring that the younger members could achieve salvation in the afterlife. Another Oneida doctrine was “mutual criticism” a practice used to strictly control the behavior of low-ranking members. Springmeier states that Oneida provided inspiration and instruction for techniques in cult mind control that would later be used by elite organizations, including the intelligence community. Like other initiatory societies before it, Oneida contained within its ranks at least one political assassin, namely Charles Guiteau, who was convicted of assassinating U.S. President James Garfield.

The commune had originally been named after the Oneida people, who were one of five tribes comprising the Iroquois Confederacy. The Iroquois people, far from having a centrally planned, hierarchical community structure like that created by Noyes, were perhaps one of the only functional examples of a participatory democracy during that time period since every adult member exerted influence over political decisions. Iroquois clan mothers, for example, appointed chiefs who would represent the interests of their clan at the Grand Council, and only women were granted the ability to remove those chiefs from power if the policies they advocated did not fall in line with the wishes of their community. Iroquois society was also matrilineal, meaning that clan lineage was passed down through the mother's family. Like most First Nation peoples, the Iroquois held property collectively and the entire extended family resided within a single dwelling, cultural traits that European settlers saw as indecent violations of Christian propriety.

First and foremost, contemporary historians have explained European conquest of the Americas as being impelled by colonists' desire for land. This aspect of colonization should not be ignored or minimized because forcing First Nation peoples from their ancestral homelands almost totally destroyed their culture, spiritual traditions and ability to survive, since, unlike European society, literally every element of Native American daily life, including religion, was tied directly to the land. President Andrew Jackson, Grand Master of the Freemasons of Tennessee, was responsible for the Indian Removal Act, the federal policy which allowed for the forcible removal of Southeastern tribes to barren lands in Oklahoma, leading to the deaths of many thousands during the Trail of Tears. Holocaust expert David Cesarani has argued that "In terms of the sheer number killed, the Native American genocide exceeds that of the holocaust".

While land-grabbing inarguably played a defining role in colonization, another aspect of European conquest that has been somewhat neglected by modern historians is the way that First Nation peoples' conception of gender norms provided rationale for some of the furthest extremes of cultural imperialism, even going so far as to justify outright eradication of Native culture as a whole, which differed from the patriarchal social order that had characterized Europe for millennia. Christian missionaries were alarmed by Native women's influential role in their communities, an attitude which is not surprising considering that they had been infused with the belief system of Church fathers such as Thomas Aquinas, who wrote "There is another kind of subjection which is called economic or civil, whereby the superior makes use of his subjects for their own benefit and good; and this kind of subjection existed even before sin. For good order would have been wanting in the human family if some were not governed by others wiser than themselves. So by such a kind of subjection woman is naturally subject to man, because in man the discretion of reason predominates."

In 1887 the General Allotment Act authorized the U.S. government to survey tribal land which was then divided into individual land parcels designated for nuclear families. Also known as the Dawes Act, it was established for the explicit purpose of destroying the political power of tribal kinship networks, which for centuries had been viewed by moral reformers as a threat to Christian virtue and, by extension, Manifest Destiny, the idea that the westward expansion of the United States was an expression of God's will. In many areas, this compulsory assimilation resulted in Native women's status being lowered in their kin networks, since land that had traditionally been held by women was now owned by the male head of the household. Previously, divorce had been an easy procedure in most tribes, but after the Dawes Act took effect women were disinclined to divorce because land titles were preferentially given to men, a change that restricted womens' freedoms considerably.

Of particular focus for the cultural imperialism of Christian missionaries were two-spirit Native Americans, not only because their gender presentation deviated from Victorian moral standards but because they so often played a central role in polytheistic tribal practices, which were viewed as heathenism by monotheistic European settlers. Amongst the Pueblo tribes, two-spirits frequently led ceremonial dances and acted as intermediaries between the clan and deities representing powers of nature, which were invoked in order to ensure success in hunting, warfare and agriculture. Spanish settlers viewed the animism of ceremonial dances as blasphemous idolatry, using what they interpreted as "sexual perversity" as a justification for massacring entire tribes en masse. Many First Nation peoples of the Plains region practiced solitary vision quests where two-spirits acted as shamanistic guides between normative reality and the spirit world. In addition to their participation in religious ceremonies, two-spirits played an important role in tribal kinship networks through assisting in child care, adopting orphans and caring for widows and the elderly. When U.S. marriage laws were imposed on tribal cultures, same-sex marriages were outlawed, destroying many centuries of Native American cultural heritage while denying legal recognition to the relationships of two-spirits and their spouses.

By the late 1800s the U.S. government had entirely failed to honor its treaty promises to protect Native reservations from encroachment by settlers and gold miners. Without arable land or the large bison herds which had formerly been a staple food for the Plains tribes, the overwhelming majority of First Nation peoples of that region sunk deep into crippling poverty. During the solar eclipse of 1889 a medicine man of the Paiute peoples, Wovoka, experienced a vision in which he saw the Christian messiah, Jesus Christ, resurrected as a Native American. In his vision the civilization built by European descendants was obliterated, and the former lands of First Nation peoples were rejuvenated and rich with game, while the ancestors of tribal communities were brought back to life. Wovoka's vision became the basis of the Ghost Dance religion, an effort to resist the subjugation of Native peoples through cross-cultural cooperation between tribes. U.S. Indian agents were disturbed by the site of Great Basin and Plains tribes performing the Ghost Dance and quickly moved to outlaw the practice, in the process arresting many tribal leaders who refused to obey government orders. The conflict over the right of Native peoples to perform ceremonial dances was what initially triggered the Wounded Knee Massacre, during which hundreds of tribal members, including women and children, were murdered by the U.S. military.

In an effort to dissolve social unrest on reservations, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries Christian missionaries established compulsory, off-reservation boarding schools as a way to extinguish the cultural legacies of tribal nations. In many cases officials from the Bureau of Indian Affairs forcibly kidnapped children from their homes, at times threatening their families with reduced rations if they refused to comply. Since reservations were located on lands that, due to a lack of arable soil, could not possibly provide economic sustenance, tribal communities were forced to participate in their own culture's annihilation sheerly for survival purposes. The boarding schools placed strict regulations on every aspect of students' lives, forbidding any expression of Native culture, including language, religion and clothing. Students who broke these rules were punished by whipping, starvation and public humiliation. School administrators were especially concerned with assimilating Native children into adopting the gender norms of Victorian morality, including cutting the long hair of boys and forcing women to learn housekeeping skills, while prohibiting their work in the fields even though agriculture had traditionally been women's domain. Conditions in many schools were austere, with Native children undergoing perpetual undernourishment and disease. In Canada the federal government funded the establishment of a parallel residential school system which was run by Christian churches. Due to overcrowding, inadequate sanitation and medical care, as well as incredibly high rates of physical and sexual abuse, the death rate in Canadian residential schools was up to 69 percent for First Nation students, a history that has resulted in the quite reasonable allegation that the Canadian federal government, as well as the churches who oversaw the residential school system, are guilty of cultural genocide.

Many Christian theologians have argued that Native peoples benefited from European colonization, especially as regards the status of women in polygynous tribes, since, up until the recent past, most anthropologists assumed these women lived in a condition of unbearable hardship and drudgery compared to male tribal members. To provide a complete picture of colonists' impact on indigenous society, it is necessary to avoid glamorization of Native cultures because, despite the fact that most indigenous tribes placed women in a higher social status than that of European-American women of the Victorian era, there were a minority who practiced dismemberment of adulterous women. The Blackfoot Confederacy, in particular, passed on a tradition of chopping off the noses of adulterous women and little can be gained by minimizing this cultural atrocity. Yet, when the effects of colonization are considered thoroughly, does the historical record confirm that European settlers were truly the defenders of women's empowerment that theologians have penned them to be? First, an analysis of the immediate consequences of colonial marriage laws is required.

In The Importance of Being Monogamous, Sarah Carter outlines the myriad ways in which marriage laws served to lower the status of both Canadian aboriginal and European-American women while justifying the encroachment of settlers onto Native territories. The imposition of bigamy laws meant that deserted wives and husbands were unable to remarry, and those with children were left with little means to care for their family. Catholic women who remarried were met with public humiliation by excommunication while women who "lost their virtue" before marriage were regarded as social outcasts. Since the nuclear family was seen as the cornerstone of social order, the Canadian government unilaterally barred single women who were not widows from owning property, since they were not contributing to society via marital reproductive labor.

The customs of English common law formed the basis of Canadian law codes, and these laws had historically preserved the idea of the "doctrine of marital unity" under which the legal autonomy of wives was subsumed by their husbands who were allowed to "chastise" their wives in so far as that chastisement did not put her life in jeopardy. In practice, divorce was expensive and exceedingly difficult to obtain, so it was ruled out as an option for all but the wealthiest members of society. Divorces were granted solely by Parliament and involved the examination of witnesses as well as public debate, an obviously embarrassing procedure that few women were willing to endure even in the most distressing situations. Furthermore, a husband was legally entitled to divorce if his wife had committed adultery, however wives could not divorce their husbands on this qualification alone, needing evidence of extreme violence or desertion.

No one benefits by minimizing the abuses perpetrated by members of the Blackfoot tribes or other indigenous communities, yet the fact remains that, before colonists arrived, the concept of illegitimacy, including single motherhood, was unknown in Native cultures. Within many aboriginal communities, the terms "mother" and "father" applied to cousins, aunts, uncles and siblings. Complex kinship systems predominated and came with the assumption that the community shared collective responsibility for children. Previously, marriage laws of Plains aboriginals had been flexible on the issue of divorce, but after colonial bigamy laws were enforced, women in abusive relationships had little recourse to leave dangerous situations. Officials from the Department of Indian Affairs were given nearly unlimited amounts of power over aboriginal communities, since they alone were able to authorize the legal validity of a marriage, meaning that DIA agents often arranged marriages, refused to recognize marriages they deemed unacceptable and captured "runaway wives" who were then returned to their former husbands.

When residential schools enforced enrollment of First Nation children, indigenous communities consequently began arranging marriages of very young girls, since marriage exempted their daughters from being subjected to the dangerous, unhealthy conditions of boarding schools. According to Carter, "Aboriginal women were often labeled immoral prostitutes who posed a serious danger to public health. The movement of aboriginal women off their reserves was restricted and monitored through a pass system", a limitation that did not apply to DIA agents who routinely trespassed on Native lands. Moreover, it is surely not a coincidence that, at the time bigamy laws were established, tribal communities were in the majority of Canadian populations and had fomented several armed uprisings which threatened the stability of colonial expansion. In conclusion, while theologians and politicians alike wax philosophical about how two parent families form the basis of moral societies, scant analysis has been focused on the ways that standardization of the nuclear family has destroyed communities while aiding in the suppression of dissident populations.

Judge orders CIA to produce data on MK Ultra experiments

I'm a bit late on this article but thought it was worth posting because projects like these so rarely end up in the public eye. The small number of people involved in the lawsuit are only a drop in the bucket but one can at least hope that this case will set a precedent. If the American public had any clue that their own government has been regularly performing dangerous, illegal experiments on countless US citizens, including children, then there's a chance that the already dwindling support for the bloated war machine could dry up in a heartbeat.

Apparently Wikileaks is threatening to release documents about MK Ultra along with all the irresponsible, counterproductive info like blueprints for nuclear weapons and the like. That particular document seems to be removed from the site so I see no harm in discussing it since the leak reveals what may very well be state propaganda, especially considering Assange's outright dismissal of the 9/11 truth movement. What I don't understand about the whole drama is that the supposed advantage of open source networks is decentralization, including the ability for mass networks of people to subvert hierarchical paradigms, yet instead it's being used to pander to someone's obvious megalomania, a mistake that could easily lead to internet censorship and other draconian measures.

I sense something very off about the situation because usually people with credible information don't end up in the papers. But instead it's garnering front page news, bringing far more attention to the site than if nothing had been done in the first place. There's a great article at Global Research regarding how many of the cables simply reiterate what has already been stated in the mainstream media about the supposed dangers of Iran, meaning that wikileaks may be a tool of the neocons. Regardless of all this, I hope that ethical people within the organization can get it together and start making some critical decisions about what documents to release, MK Ultra records being a good starting point for that. Because anyone who doesn't have their head buried in the sand knows that the project did not end in 1975.

CIA Must Disclose Data on Human Experiments

(CN) - A federal magistrate judge in San Francisco ordered the CIA to produce specific records and testimony about the human experiments the government allegedly conducted on thousands of soldiers from 1950 through 1975.
Three veterans groups and six individual veterans sued the CIA and other government agencies, claiming they used about 7,800 soldiers as human guinea pigs to research biological, chemical and psychological weapons.
The experiments, many of which took place at Edgewood Arsenal and Fort Detrick in Maryland, allegedly exposed test subjects to chemicals, drugs and electronic implants. Though the soldiers volunteered, they never gave informed consent, because the government didn't fully disclose the risks, the veterans claimed. They were also required to sign an oath of secrecy, according to the complaint.
The veterans filed three sets of document requests to find out who was tested, what substances they were given, and how it affected them. Between October and April, the government produced about 15,000 pages of heavily redacted records, most of which related to the named plaintiffs only.
The CIA argued that much of the information requested was protected under the Privacy Act and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.
U.S. Magistrate Judge James Larson acknowledged that some of the requests were too broad and ordered the veterans to be more specific and to reduce the total number of requests.
For example, Larson said the plaintiffs' definition of "test program" is "overbroad," as it not only named experimental programs like "Bluebird," "Artichoke" and "MKUltra," but also included "any other program of experimentation involving human testing of any substance, including but not limited to 'MATERIAL TESTING PROGRAM EA 1729.'"
He ordered the veterans to provide a list of specific test programs and test substances.
But once the plaintiffs narrow their requests, Larson said, they are entitled to most of the information. Each government agency must respond individually to each request, he said, and if an agency denies any request, it must explain -- in sufficient detail -- why the records are purportedly privileged.
The CIA has already claimed that some documents are protected under the state-secrets privilege, but Larson said the agency needs to be more specific. He asked for a "supplemental declaration explaining with heightened specificity" why the documents are considered state secrets. Because these documents might contain sensitive information, the judge allowed the CIA to file the declaration under seal.
Larson rejected the government's bid to limit the scope of discovery, saying doing so "removes the remaining hurdle" for the CIA to respond to the veterans' sets of requests.
"Defendants should respond in earnest to Plaintiffs' discovery requests, regardless of any ongoing or prior searches, investigations, or litigation," Larson wrote. He said the government can't limit disclosure to information about the six individual plaintiffs.
The CIA insisted discovery was unwarranted in its case, because it never funded or conducted drug research on military personnel.
Larson wasn't convinced.
"[T]his court rejects the conclusion that the CIA necessarily lacks a nexus to Plaintiffs' claims, and orders the CIA to respond in earnest" to the veterans' requests, "particularly because defendants have presented evidence that would appear to cast doubt on that conclusion," he wrote.
The government also tried to avoid deposition, claiming too much time had passed since the alleged experiments, and any witnesses familiar with the projects likely no longer work for the government. The CIA further argued, unsuccessfully, that the court should stay discovery until the Department of Defense completes its investigation of the experiments.
Larson reminded the CIA that it "cannot use the DoD investigation as an excuse to avoid discovery responsibilities."
He then addressed which topics are fair game for deposition, saying the government must produce witnesses to testify about the following: communication between the VA and test subjects on their health care claims; a 1963 CIA Inspector General report on an experiment called MKUltra, and the basis for each redaction on that report; the scope and conduct of document searches; the doses and effects of substances administered to test subjects; any contract or research proposals concerning the experiments; a confidential Army memo about the use of volunteers in research; all government-led human experiments from 1975 to date, but only those that involve specific drugs; and whether the government secretly administered MKUltra materials to "the patrons of prostitutes" in safe houses in New York and San Francisco, as the veterans claimed.
Judge Larson ruled for the CIA on other issues, however, saying the agency's not required to testify about test subjects who withdrew their consent or refused to participate; devices allegedly implanted into certain test subjects; the alleged use of patients at VA hospitals as guinea pigs in chemical and biological weapons experiments; or the drug research studies conducted by Dr. Paul Hoch, who was purportedly funded by the government and caused the death of a patient named Harold Blauer.
Though Larson declined to sanction the government, as the veterans sought, he warned that he would impose sanctions for any "future unjustifiable discovery recalcitrance."
Named plaintiffs are the Vietnam Veterans of America, Swords to Plowshare, the Veterans Rights Organization, Bruce Price, Franklin D. Rochelle, Larry Meirow, Eric P. Muth, David C. Dufrane and Wray C. Forrest.